The Relationship between Black Point and Fungi Species and Effects of Black Point on Seed Germination Properties in Bread Wheat

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between some fungi species and black point incidence and the effect of black point on seed weight, germination percentage, seedling emergence, seedling establishment, number of embryonic roots, and coleoptile length under field conditions in bread wheat. In this research, black-pointed and black point-free kernel samples of 5 bread wheat cultivars, namely Ceyhan-99, Doankent-1, Yureir-89, Seyhan-95, and Adana-99 - commonly grown under the agroclimatic conditions of Cukurova Region, were used. Isolations from the black point-affected and black point-free kernels indicated that Alternaria spp. are the predominant fungi, followed by Chaetomium sp and Aspergillus niger. Epicoccum sp and Sclerotium sp were of minor importance. Discoloured kernels were heavier than normal ones. Germination percentage, seedling emergence, and seedling establishment under field conditions were reduced by the black pointed seeds, whereas number of embryonic roots and coleoptile length were not affected by black point. Ozet: Bu araflt›rma, ekmeklik budayda ortaya c›kan embriyo kararmas› ile baz› fungus turleri aras›ndaki iliflkilerin belirlenmesi ve embriyo kararmas›n›n tohum a¤›rl›¤›, cimlenme oran›, surme gucu, tarla koflullar›nda c›k›fl oran›, cim koku say›s› ve koleoptil uzunluuna etkisinin belirlenmesi amac›yla yurutulmufltur. Araflt›rmada; Cukurova koflullar›nda yayg›n olarak yetifltirilen Ceyhan-99, Doankent-1, Yureir-89, Seyhan-95 ve Adana-99 ekmeklik buday ceflitlerinin embriyo kararmal› ve embriyo kararmas›z tohumlar› kullan›lm›flt›r. Embriyo kararmal› ve kararmas›z tohum numunelerinden yap›lan izolasyonlar; en yuksek fungal koloni say›s›n›n Alternaria spp.'ye ait olduunu, bunu Chaetomium sp. ve Aspergillus niger fungus turlerinin izlediini ve en dufluk fungal koloni say›s›n›n Epicoccum sp. ve Sclerotium sp.'de bulunduunu gostermifltir. Embriyo kararmal› tohumlar›n a¤›rl›¤›, kararmas›zlara gore daha yuksek saptanm›flt›r. Embriyo kararmas›, cimlenme oran›, surme gucu ve tarla koflullar›nda c›k›fl oran›nda duflufle neden olurken, embriyonal kok say›s› ve koleoptil uzunluu uzerinde herhangi bir etkisi saptanmam›flt›r.