Methanotrophic Communities in the Soils of the Russian Northern Taiga and Subarctic Tundra

The PCR analysis of DNA extracted from soil samples taken in the Russian northern taiga and subarctic tundra showed that the DNA extracts contain genes specific to methanotrophic bacteria, i.e., the mmoX gene encoding the conserved α-subunit of the hydroxylase component of soluble methane monooxygenase, the pmoA gene encoding the α-subunit of particulate methane monooxygenase, and the mxaFgene encoding the α-subunit of methanol dehydrogenase. PCR analysis with group-specific primers also showed that methanotrophic bacteria in the northern taiga and subarctic tundra soils are essentially represented by the type I genera Methylobacter, Methylomonas, Methylosphaera, and Methylomicrobium and that some soil samples contain type II methanotrophs close to members of the genera Methylosinus and Methylocystis. The electron microscopic examination of enrichment cultures obtained from the soil samples confirmed the presence of methanotrophic bacteria in the ecosystems studied and showed that the methanotrophs contain only small amounts of intracytoplasmic membranes.