Needs analysis for the personal, social, and psychological adjustment of adolescents at risk of delinquency and juvenile offenders

espanolLa literatura ha encontrado que las necesidades no-criminogenicas tambien son un factor de riesgo de delincuencia juvenil y, por tanto, han de ser objeto de intervencion. Se diseno un estudio de campo con el objetivo de conocer si el ajuste individual, social y psicologico (necesidades no-criminogenicas) difieren entre menores infractores, menores de proteccion y normalizados. Para ello se evaluo a 450 adolescentes (150 menores de reforma, 150 de proteccion y 150 normalizados) en el ajuste individual, social y psicologico. Los resultados mostraron un efecto significativo en el ajuste individual, social y psicologico para el factor poblacion. Sucintamente, los menores de proteccion y reforma manifestaron un mayor desajuste individual en los niveles personal y familiar que los normalizados, y, adicionalmente, los de reforma a nivel social. Asimismo, los menores de proteccion e infractores exhibieron un mayor desajuste social consistente en mas retraimiento social, ansiedad social/timidez y liderazgo que los normalizados, y los menores infractores un menor ajuste social en la consideracion hacia los demas que los normalizados. En el ajuste psicologico, los menores de reforma y proteccion informaron de mas sintomatologia obsesivo-compulsiva, de sensibilidad interpersonal, depresiva, de hostilidad, de ansiedad-fobica y psicotica que los normalizados, y los de proteccion mas somatica, ansiosa (generalizada) y paranoide que los normalizados. Se cuantificaron los deficits en estas dimensiones para estimar la magnitud de las necesidades. Se discuten las implicaciones teoricas de los resultados y para el diseno de programas de prevencion de la delincuencia y de recaidas. EnglishLiterature has found that non-criminogenic needs also are a juvenile delinquency risk factor and, consequently, should be target of intervention. With the aim of knowing if individual, social and psychological adjustment differ between juvenile offenders and foster care adolescents with normal adolescents was designed. A total of 450 adolescents (150 juvenile offenders, 150 foster care adolescents, and 150 normal adolescents) were evaluated in individual, social and psychological adjustment. The results showed a significant effect in the individual, social and psychological adjustment for the population factor. Succinctly, juvenile offenders and foster care adolescents displayed a higher individual maladjustment in the personal and family level than normal adolescents, and, additionally, juvenile offenders in the social level. Likewise, juvenile offenders and foster care adolescents exhibited a higher social maladjustment consisting in more social withdrawal, social anxiety/shyness, and leadership than normal adolescents; and juvenile offenders revealed less consideration for others than normal adolescents. In psychological adjustment, juvenile offenders and foster care adolescents reported more obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostile, phobic-anxiety, and psychotic symptomology than normal adolescent; and foster care adolescent more somatic, anxiety (generalized) and paranoid symptoms than normal adolescents. The deficits in these needs were quantified as to estimate the magnitude of the intervention. Theoretical and practical implications for intervention of the results are discussed