Formation universitaire en pratique hospitalière et pratique pharmaceutique hospitalière : comparaison entre la Belgique francophone et le Québec
2012
Resume Introduction : Il existe peu de donnees publiees comparant la formation et la pratique pharmaceutique entre la Belgique et le Quebec. Une refonte recente des cursus universitaires en pharmacie a eu lieu a l’echelle quebecoise et belge. Les programmes de pharmacie portent principalement sur le developpement de competences en pharmacie et non seulement sur des notions de sciences generales. Mise en contexte : Une evaluation descriptive exploratoire de la formation universitaire et de la pratique hospitaliere a ete realisee a partir d’une revue de la documentation et de deux enquetes distinctes, soit l’enquete de 2005 de l’European Association of Hospital Pharmacists et le Rapport canadien sur la pharmacie hospitaliere publie en 2005-2006. Pour la Belgique, l’evaluation a porte sur la region wallonne, alors qu’au Quebec, la Faculte de pharmacie de l’Universite de Montreal servait de point de comparaison. Resultats : Il existe des differences sur le plan de la formation des pharmaciens et de la pratique pharmaceutique hospitaliere. Celles portant sur la formation des pharmaciens touchent particulierement les services et les soins, notamment en ce qui a trait a la dotation en ressources, a la dispensation nominale quotidienne, a l’automatisation et aux services cliniques. Discussion : Bien que les deux enquetes reposent sur des questionnaires distincts, leur analyse met en relief un interet pour la pratique clinique, une implication variee des pharmaciens au sein de leur etablissement ainsi qu’une preoccupation pour la qualite et la prestation securitaire de soins. Conclusion : La comparaison indique un ecart important de ressources en faveur des hopitaux quebecois. Paradoxalement, les pharmaciens hospitaliers belges ont non seulement la responsabilite des medicaments, comme leurs collegues quebecois, mais egalement celle de la sterilisation et des dispositifs medicaux. Abstract Introduction: Few published data exist that compare the required training and the practice of pharmacy in Belgium and Quebec. Recently, Quebec and Belgium revised their university pharmacy curriculums. Pharmacy programs focus mainly on development of competencies and not only on general science concepts. Context: Using a literature review and two distinct surveys, the 2005 European Association of Hospital Pharmacists and the 2005-2006 report of Hospital Pharmacy in Canada, we carried out an exploratory descriptive evaluation of university training and hospital practice. For Belgium, the evaluation was for the Walloon region, whereas in Quebec the Universite de Montreal faculty of pharmacy served as the point of comparison. Results: Differences exist in the training programs of pharmacists and in the practice of hospital pharmacy. Differences in the training of pharmacists are specifically reflected in services and care, namely with respect to resource distribution, unit-dose dispensing, automation, and clinical services. Discussion: Although both surveys have different questionnaires, their analysis reveals an interest for clinical practice, the varied involvement of pharmacists in their hospitals, and concern for safe delivery and quality of care. Conclusion: This comparison shows a significant gap with respect to resources, favoring Quebec hospitals. Paradoxically, Belgian hospital pharmacists are responsible not only for medication like their Quebec colleagues but also for sterilisation procedures and medical devices. Key words: Hospital pharmacy practice, Belgium, Quebec.
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