Dicationic triazolium fungicidal ionic liquids with herbicidal properties

The purpose of the present study was to synthesize the dicationic ionic liquids exhibiting herbicidal and fungicidal activities. A homologue series of ten dicationic ionic liquids was synthesized using commercial triazole fungicide (tebuconazole) and evaluated in terms of their possible antifungal and herbicidal activities. Dicationic triazolium compounds containing different linkers were prepared via acid–base reaction between the corresponding dicationic hydroxides and herbicides in the form of free acids. Additionally, the ionic liquids were fully characterized using NMR and thermal analysis. The herbicidal efficacy was tested during greenhouse experiments, using lambsquarters and oilseed rape as the test plants. In the case of determination of antifungal activity, six fungal species were used: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum sp. and Monographella nivalis. The obtained results indicate that the conversion of compounds into dicationic ionic liquids affects their fungicidal and herbicidal activity. In the case of tests carried out on fungi, no difference in activity was observed at higher doses, except Monographella nivalis. However, at lower concentration (10 ppm), there is a reduction in efficacy compared to the reference substance. In addition, all obtained compounds are characterized by high activity.