Estereologia e urologia: volume nuclear médio ponderado na classificaçäo e prognóstico de tumores

Starting from 1984 stereology was added of unbiased methods and procedures, i.e., studying morphological images in a random and uniform isotropic way count became more reliable. For this, it was important to develop orientation and sectioning methods more adapted to stereological quantification. An important quantitative subject in practical urology concern the diagnosis and classification of tumors. Urologists had evaluated different types of tumors through the determination of the nuclear roundness factor (NRF). NRF is calculated by the ratio between the nuclear radius calculated by nuclear area and the nuclear sectioning orientation. The "new stereology" proposed an alternative unbiased way to evaluate quantitatively the nucleus from tumor cells, in counterpoint to NRF. This is the determination of the volume-weighted mean nuclear volume. This stereological parameter has been used in the diagnosis and prognostic of tumors in several organs. In urology this was used, for example, to study primary carcinoma of bladder, renal and prostatic carcinomas (AU)