Graphene nanosheet/polyaniline composite for transparent hole transporting layer

Abstract Composites based on graphene and water-dispersible polyaniline-poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) complex were shown as materials promising for the development of hole transporting layers (HTLs). By using multimodal atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and conductivity measurements, the relationship between the oxidation degree of graphene and the morphology, electrical conductivity and electron energy structure of HTLs was revealed. Utilizing the HTLs in organic solar cells it was shown that graphene nanostacks, rather than oxidized graphene nanostacks, enhanced the performance of the cells by increasing the roughness of the HTL surface, which caused the improvement of the short circuit current.