BEBERAPA FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PENGOBATAN ANTIRETROVIRAL PADA PENDERITA HIV/AIDS:Studi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Undata Palu
2019
Latar Belakang : Kepatuhan pengobatan Antiretroviral masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di kota Palu. Terjadi peningkatan kasus HIV yang signifikan dan semakin banyak penderita memasuki stadium AIDS, disebabkan menurunnya tingkat kepatuhan dalam pengobatan antiretroviral.Kepatuhan antiretroviral merupakan salah satu faktor memperpanjang umur harapan hidup penderita HIV/AIDS secara bermakna.antiretroviral bekerja melawan infeksi dengan cara memperlambat reproduksi HIV dalam tubuh.
Tujuan : Membuktikan beberapa faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan pengobatan antiretroviral pada penderita HIV/AIDS di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Undata Palu.
Metode : Pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif (mix method) dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian kasus-kontrol. Variabel dependen yaitu kepatuhan pengobatan ARV, dan variabel dependen yaitu pengetahuan kurang, memiliki riwayat efek samping, akses ke pelayanan kesehatan yang jauh, sikap pelayanan petugas kesehatan yang kurang, jumlah obat ARV yang dikonsumsi, ketepatan waktu mengkonsumsi ARV, pengobatan tradisional dan mengalami depresi. Sampel dalam penelitian ini 35 kasus dan 35 kontrol dengan teknik pengambilan sampel consecutive sampling, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara mendalam, dan catatan rekam medis.
Hasil : Variabel yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan pengobatan antiretroviral pada penderita HIV/AIDS adalah mempunyai riwayat efek samping dengan nilai p-value 0,016 Odds ratio : 4,998 dan 95% CI : 1,344-18,515, Mengalami depresi dengan nilai p-value 0,017Odds ratio = 5,460 dan 95 CI = 1,358-21,950, pelayanan petugas kesehatan yang kurang dengan nilai p-value 0,040 Odds ratio 4,401 dan nilai CI = 1,069-18,125, dan Akses pelayanan kesehatan yang jauh dengan nilai p-value 0,003 Odds ratio 7,948 dan nilai CI = 2,006-31,491.
Simpulan : Faktor yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan pengobatan antiretroviral yaitu mempunyai riwayat efek samping, mengalami depresi, pelayanan petugas kesehatan yang kurang, dan akses ke pelayanan kesehatan yang jauh.
Kata Kunci : HIV/AIDS, Faktor Risiko,Kepatuhan,Antiretroviral
Background: Compliance with Antiretroviral treatment is still a health problem in the city of Palu. There has been a significant increase in HIV cases and more and more patients are entering the AIDS stage, due to decreased levels of adherence in antiretroviral treatment. Antiretroviral adherence is a significant factor in extending the life expectancy of HIV / AIDS sufferers. Antiretrovirals work against infections by slowing down HIV reproduction in the body.
Objective: To prove several risk factors that influence the compliance of antiretroviral treatment in patients with HIV / AIDS in Undata District General Hospital, Palu
Method: Quantitative and qualitative approaches (mix method) using case-control research. The dependent variable is adherence to ARV treatment, and the dependent variable is lack of knowledge, have a history of side effects, access to distant health services, attitudes of health service providers are lacking, the number of ARV drugs consumed, the accuracy of consuming ARVs, traditional medicine and experiencing depression. The sample in this study was 35 cases and 35 controls with consecutive sampling technique, data collection was carried out using questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and medical records.
Results: Variables that were proven to influence the adherence of antiretroviral treatment in people with HIV / AIDS were having a history of side effects with a p-value of 0.016 Odds ratio: 4.998 and 95% CI: 1,344-18,515, Having depression with a p-value of 0.017 Odds ratio = 5,460 and 95 CI = 1,358-21,950, poor health services with p-value of 0.040 Odds ratio of 4.401 and CI value of 1.069-18.125, and access to remote health services with p-value of 0.003 Odds ratio of 7.948 and CI value of = 7.948 and CI value of 2,006-31,491.
Conclusion: Factors that have been proven to influence the adherence of antiretroviral treatment are having a history of side effects, experiencing depression, lack of health services, and access to remote health services.
Keywords: HIV / AIDS, Risk Factors, Compliance, Antiretrovirals
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