XOX Fabric: A hybrid approach to transaction execution.

Performance and scalability are a major concern for blockchain systems to become viable for mainstream applications. While many permissionless systems are limited by slow the consensus algorithms, Hyperledger Fabric has unique throughput optimization potential due to its permissioned nature. It has been shown to handle tens of thousands of transactions per second. However, these numbers show only the nominal throughput for uncontested transaction workloads. If incoming transactions compete for a small set of hot keys in the world state, the effective throughput drops drastically. We propose a novel two-pronged transaction execution approach that minimizes invalid transactions in the Fabric blockchain while maximizing concurrent execution.