Current standards of care for inpatient glycemic management and metabolic control: is it time for definite standards and targets?

2004 
Objective: To review the available literature on the presence of diabetes in the inpatient population and its effect on outcomes. Results: Diabetes is a progressively worsening epidemic in the United States. Patients with diabetes have a disproportionate representation among the inpatient population in this country, and their share of total health-care costs is both disproportionate and growing rapidly. Patients with diabetes are often admitted to the hospital not primarily because of their diabetes but rather because of the need for treatment of the end-stage complications of diabetes, such as cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease as well as diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, or because of unrelated illnesses for which diabetes is a complication. Diabetes is a frequent comorbid condition and increases the duration of hospitalization by 1 to 2 days. Numerous organizations have issued guidelines for outpatient diabetes management and metabolic control and have updated them per...
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