Kinetics of l-[1-13C]leucine when ingested with free amino acids, unlabeled or intrinsically labeled casein

In two groups of five adults, each adapted to two different dietary regimens for 6 days, the metabolic fate of dietary [1-13C]leucine was examined when ingested either together with a mixture of free amino acids simulating casein (extrinsically labeled; condition A), along with the intact casein (extrinsically labeled; condition B), or bound to casein (intrinsically labeled; condition C). Fed state leucine oxidation (Ox), nonoxidative leucine disposal (NOLD), protein breakdown, and splanchnic uptake have been compared using an 8-h oral [1-13C]leucine and intravenous [2H3]leucine tracer protocol while giving eight equal hourly mixed meals. Lower leucine Ox, increased NOLD, and net protein synthesis were found with condition Ccompared with condition A (19.3 vs. 24.9; 77 vs. 55.8; 18.9 vs. 12.3 μmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ 30 min−1; P < 0.05). Ox and NOLD did not differ between conditions B and C. Splanchnic leucine uptake calculated from [1-13C]- and [2H3]leucine plasma enrichments was between 24 and 35%. These findings i...