Synthesis of novel 3,5-diaryl pyrazole derivatives using combinatorial chemistry as inhibitors of tyrosinase as well as potent anticancer, anti-inflammatory agents

Abstract In the present article, we have synthesized a combinatorial library of 3,5-diaryl pyrazole derivatives using 8-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5,7-dimethoxy-2-phenyl-4 H -chromen-4-one ( 1 ) and hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethyl alcohol under the refluxed conditions. The structures of the compounds were established by IR, 1 H NMR and mass spectral analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against five cell lines (breast cancer cell line, prostate cancer cell line, promyelocytic leukemia cell line, lung cancer cell line, colon cancer cell line) and anti-inflammatory activity against TNF-α and IL-6. Out of 15 compounds screened, 2a and 2d exhibited promising anticancer activity (61–73% at 10 μM concentration) against all selected cell lines and IL-6 inhibition (47% and 42% at 10 μM concentration) as in comparison to standard flavopiridol (72–87% inhibition at 0.5 μM) and dexamethasone (85% inhibition at 1 μM concentration), respectively. Cytotoxicity of the compounds checked using CCK-8 cell lines and found to be nontoxic to slightly toxic. Out of 15, four 3,5-diaryl pyrazole derivatives exhibiting potent inhibitory activities against both the monophenolase and diphenolase actions of tyrosinase. The IC 50 values of compounds ( 2a , 2d , 2h and 2l ) for monophenolase inhibition were determined to range between 1.5 and 30 μM. Compounds 2a , 2d , 2h and 2l also inhibited diphenolase significantly with IC 50 values of 29.4, 21.5, 2.84 and 19.6 μM, respectively. All four 3,5-diaryl pyrazole derivatives were active as tyrosinase inhibitors ( 2a , 2d , 2h and 2l ), and belonging to competitive inhibitors. Interestingly, they all manifested simple reversible slow-binding inhibition against diphenolase.