Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Actinoscirpus grossus tubers against ethanol induced liver toxicity in albino rats

Abstract Liver detoxifies majority of chemicals and plays an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis of the body. In the recent years due to overwhelming use of drugs and alcohol there is an increased incidence of liver toxicities. The tubers of Actinoscirpus grossus are used in liver disease as a liver tonic in folklore medicine; However, there is no experimental basis for its therapeutic use. Hence the present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective potentials of ethanolic extract of Actinoscirpus grossus tubers in ethanol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Daily administration of 20% ethanol v/v p.o. at a dose of 5 g/kg for 30 consecutive days caused significant liver toxicity and there after maintained for 15 consecutive days with normal rat pellet and water ad libitum. The treatment groups were administered with group specific drugs for 15 consecutive days after 30 days of ethanol administration and control group rats were maintained for 15 consecutive days with normal rat pellet and water ad libitum. Liver toxicity was assessed on 45th day by estimating biochemical, histological and antioxidant level. Daily administration of 20% ethanol significantly increased liver enzymes and caused oxidative stress by increase in the lipid peroxidation and reduction in the catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity in liver homogenate. The histopathological examination revealed micro vesicular and macro vesicular fatty changes predominantly with mild periportal inflammation, cell infiltrate and areas of mild dilatation of sinusoids with ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes. Treatment with ethanolic extract of A. grossus tuber significantly restored the liver enzymes especially SGOT and attenuated elevated lipid peroxidation and restored catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity. The histopathological changes revealed significant reduction in the hepatocyte ballooning portal fibrosis. Thus, tubers of A. grossus plant may serve as reservoir of natural products having diverse functions and could be utilised as a potent hepatoprotective agent.