The application of a novel Ti/SnO2–Sb2O3/PTFE-La-Ce-β-PbO2 anode on the degradation of cationic gold yellow X-GL in sono-electrochemical oxidation system

Abstract In this study, the novel PbO 2 electrodes co-doped with rare earth (La and Ce) were prepared by electrodeposition technique. The rare earth co-doped electrode applied as an anode was carefully studied for the degradation of cationic gold yellow X-GL, in sono-electrochemical oxidation system. Optimal degradation conditions were achieved by investigating the effects of different parameters, such as initial concentrations, pH levels, electrolyte concentrations, current densities, on the constant frequency and power of ultrasound. Under the optimal conditions, removal rates of cationic gold yellow X-GL and COD were about 99.95% and 74.03%, respectively, after 2 h degradation. Moreover, the synergistic effect in sono-electrochemical oxidation system was also certificated and discussed. In addition, SEM images indicated that the surface of Ti/SnO 2 –Sb 2 O 3 /PTFE-La-Ce- β -PbO 2 electrode had the dense structure and the preferred crystalline orientation, which could be helpful to improve the mass transportation and mineralization of cationic gold yellow X-GL.