Unsupervised Deep Learning

In this chapter, at the end of Part I, we will explain Boltzmann machines and Generative adversarial networks (GANs). Both models are not the “find an answer” network given in Chap. 3, but rather the network itself giving the probability distribution of the input. Boltzmann machines have historically been the cornerstone of neural networks and are given by the Hamiltonian statistical mechanics of multi-particle spin systems. It is an important bridge between machine learning and physics. Generative adversarial networks are also one of the important topics in deep learning in recent years, and we try to provide an explanation of it from a physical point of view.