Heavy metal removal using a fixed bed bioreactor packed with a solid supporter

Background Different bacterial isolates were obtained from a much-polluted lake (Lake Mariout) in Alexandria, Egypt. They were tested to bio-remove different heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Fe3+). In addition, this study was aimed to create a fixed bed column to enhance the metal removal from some polluted wastewater samples.