Bonding properties of universal adhesives to root canals prepared with different rotary instruments

Abstract Statement of problem Preparation of coronal dentin by using a diamond rotary instrument usually results in higher bond strength values than preparation with tungsten carbide burs, but information is lacking about the influence of rotary instruments on root canals before the bonding of fiber posts. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of the rotary instrument used to prepare the root canal and bonding strategies on the adhesion of fiber posts to root dentin with universal adhesive systems. Material and methods Human premolars were used and divided into 8 groups according to the combination of the following factors: rotary instrument (tungsten carbide bur versus diamond rotary instrument), cementation system (single-bond versus prime and bond), and bonding method (etch-and-rinse versus self-etch). Eight teeth per group were evaluated by push-out bond strength, 4 teeth were evaluated for nanoleakage by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and 2 teeth were evaluated for shape by SEM. Data for bond strength and nanoleakage for each cementation system were subjected to 2-way ANOVA and Tukey honest significant differences tests (α=.05). Results The highest bond strength values were observed for preparation using a diamond rotary instrument for both cementation systems. For prime and bond, the highest bond strength values were observed with the self-etch adhesion strategy, and the self-etch strategy was better for the single-bond; and the self-etch strategy was better than etch-and-rinse just after the use of a diamond instrument. In relation to nanoleakage for the cementation system, the prime and bond had the lowest values for groups using a diamond instrument and self-etch strategy. For the single bond, the adhesion strategy did not influence nanoleakage, but the rotary instrument did, with diamond rotary instruments resulting in lower values. SEM analyses showed a greater number of unobliterated tubules in the self-etch mode and a more regular surface when prepared with a diamond rotary. Conclusions To improve the adhesion of fiber posts to root canal, a diamond rotary instrument should be used, and generally, universal adhesive systems must be used in self-etch mode.