Rehospitalization and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment entry among patients seen by a hospital SUD consultation-liaison service

Abstract Background Substance use disorders (SUD) are associated with non-adherence to medical care and high utilization of hospital services. This study characterized patterns and correlates of rehospitalization among patients seen by a hospital-based SUD consultation-liaison (CL) team. Methods This study was a retrospective medical record review of patients in a large urban academic hospital who received SUD consultation and were diagnosed with opioid, cocaine, and/or alcohol use disorder ( N =  267). Data were collected on patient characteristics, substance-specific SUD diagnoses (opioids, cocaine, and alcohol), opioid agonist treatment (OAT) with methadone or buprenorphine (treatment status at admission; in-hospital initiation of OAT), and rehospitalization through 180 days post-discharge. Associations with rehospitalization were examined using bivariate tests of independence and multivariate logistic regression, with patient background and medical characteristics, substance-specific SUD diagnoses, and OAT status (at admission and in-hospital initiation) as predictors. Results Rehospitalization rates were higher among patients with current opioid (38% vs. 24%; p   .05) and cocaine use disorders (39% vs. 26%; p   .05) compared to patients without these diagnoses. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the number of medical comorbidities [Adjusted Odds Ratio ( AOR ) = 1.2; p   .01] and opioid use disorder ( AOR  = 2.4, p .05) were independently associated with rehospitalization. Conclusions In this sample of hospital patients receiving SUD CL services, the risk of rehospitalization differed by type of SUD diagnosis. In-hospital initiation of OAT is promising for facilitating treatment linkage post-discharge, but this small study did not show differences in rehospitalization based on OAT initiation. These findings could inform services for hospital patients with comorbid SUDs.