Cranial Base Surgery

Physical Examination and Diagnosis of Cranial Base Lesions. Imaging of the Cranial Base: Plain Radiogrphy. Computed Tomography: Axial, 3-D Reconstruction . Mri. Arteriography. Other Modalities. Interventional Neuroradiology: Embolization. Stenting. Balloon Occlusion Test. Anatomy of the Cranial Base: Embryology. Paranasal Sinuses. Anterior Fossa: Olfactory Fossa, Orbit, Cavernous Sinus, Sella. Middle Fossa: Temporal Fossa, Infratemporal Fossa and Plane, Pterygoid Fossa, Pterygopalatine Fossa, Carotid Canal, Jugular Foramen, Peripharyngeal Space, Temporomandibular Joint, External Auditory Canal. Clivus. Posterior Fossa: Internal Auditory Canal, Cerebellopontine Angle. Craniocervical Junction: Occipital Condyles, Atlas, Axis. Surgical Approaches to the Cranial Base: Rationale for Approach Selection. Anterior and Anterolateral Intracranial Approach. Anterior and Anterolateral Extracranial Approach. Craniofacial Approach. Transmastoid Translabyrinthine Approach. Facial Translocation. Middle Fossa Approach. Extreme Lateral Transcondylar and Transjugular Approaches. Transmaxillary Approach. Petrosal Approach. Posterior Fossa. Translabyrinthine/Transcochlear Approaches. Transsphenoidal Approach. Transtemporal Infratemporal Approach. Transmandibular-Transcervical Approach. Transoral Approach. Retrosigmoid Approach. Frontotemporal/Subtemporal Approach. Transfrontal Approach. Transcervical Approach. Selected Topics: Space-Occupying Lesions: Osseous Tumors, Jugular Foramen Tumors, Esthesioneuroblastoma, Juvenile Angiofibroma, Carcinoma of the Sinuses,Carcinoma of the Middle Ear and Temporal Bone. Meningiomas: Tuberculum Sells, Olfactory Groove, Petroclival Region, Foramen Magnum. Chordomas. Neurilemomas: Acoustic, Facial, Trigeminal, Jugular Foramen. Glomus Tumors: Jugulare, Vagale. Pituitary Tumors. Craniopharyngioma. Orbital Tumors. Adjunct Therapy: Linac, External Beam Radiation, Gamma Knife , Chemotherapy. Inflammatory Lesions: Necrotizing Otitis Externa, Osteomyelitis, Otogenic Brain Abscess, Cholesteatoma, Temporal Bone Granuloma, Sinus Abscess, Sinus Mucocoeles. Trauma: Duraplasty, Fronto-Orbital Repair, Optic Nerve Decompression. Vascular: Carotid-Cavernous Fistula, Vascular Bypass, Aneurysms. Facial Nerve Reconstruction. Vagal Paralysis. Cranioplasty. Intensive CareManagement. Complicatons of Cranial Base Surgery. Rehabilitation.