Summary of the Effects of Creep and Shrinkage

If the creep deformation is expressed in terms of the ratio ϕ = ɛc/ɛe, i.e., the creep strains under constant stress ɛc and the elastic strain ɛe,while shrinkage is expressed in terms of the shrinkage strain ɛs, the foregoing explanations about the effect of creep and shrinkage under working loads can be summarized as follows. Estimates of these effects are given for greater clarity.