Vesicoureteral Reflux and Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction in Children With Horseshoe Kidney: Treatment and Outcome

Purpose: Horseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion anomaly. We determined the treatment and outcome of vesicoureteral reflux and ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children with horseshoe kidney.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical and radiological records of 52 consecutive children, including 32 boys and 20 girls, in whom horseshoe kidney was diagnosed at 2 children’s hospitals during 1990 to 1999. Patient age at diagnosis was 1 day to 12 years (mean 3.9 years). In 2 children with horseshoe kidney neuropathic bladder was secondary to spina bifida and they were excluded from study. The diagnosis was made in all cases by abdominal ultrasound and confirmed by excretory urography or 99mtechnetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid scan. Voiding cystourethrography was performed in 40 cases (80%). Patients were followed for 2 to 11 years (mean 4.2).Results: Associated urological anomalies were identified in 26 patients (52%) with horseshoe kidney, including primary vesicoureteral reflux in 13, uretero...