A new perspective for cardiorenal syndrome

The relationship between renal and cardiac diseases has been closely recognized in recent years.Recently,the concept of cardiorenal syndrome(CRS)is widely applied.From an epidemiological perspective,CRS is a common syndrome in hospital patients and associated with poor prognosis.Increasing evidences support the roles of central venous congestion,neurohormonal elaboration,anemia,oxidative stress,and renal sympathetic activity as potential contributors to this complex syndrome.This review stresses the epidemiology,pathophysiology and treatment of the CRS.