The scale-to-scale energy transfers correlated with the development of turbulence in toroidal plasmas

Two different directions of scale-to-scale energy transfer that corresponds to forward and inverse energy cascades, respectively, were clarified in toroidal plasma turbulence by means of experimental analysis. In the present work we first report the evidence that the turbulence dominated by broad wavenumber spectrum was developed under the action of forward (direct) energy cascade in a reversed field pinch (RFP) plasma, while the generation of GAM zonal flow (ZF) was related with the energy concentrating into low frequency region from higher frequency region due to inverse energy cascade in a tokamak plasma. The two evidences are compared. The results indicate a modulation mechanism in turbulence which is relative to the generation or development of specific turbulent flows. This hints a correlation between energy transfer and the development of toroidal plasma turbulence.