Indications for Ureteroscopy: Guidelines

With advances in endoscopic technology and technique, the indications for ureteroscopy have expanded in the last few decades, resulting in an increase in utilization of ureteroscopy for the management of upper tract stones worldwide. We review the current literature and clinical guidelines for the indications for ureteroscopy, recognizing a role for ureteroscopy in the treatment of larger renal calculi, bilateral kidney stones, and stones in pregnancy, horseshoe kidneys, obese patients and those with bleeding diatheses.