Handheld adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope

Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) has enabled in vivo visualization and enhanced understanding of retinal structure and function. Current generation AOSLOs have a large footprint and are mainly limited to imaging cooperative adult subjects. To extend the application of AOSLO to new patient populations, we have designed, to the best of our knowledge, the first portable handheld AOSLO (HAOSLO) system. By incorporating a novel computational wavefront sensorless AO algorithm and custom optics, we have miniaturized our HAOSLO to weigh less than 200 g. HAOSLO imaged the cones closest to the fovea with a handheld probe in adults and captured, to the best of our knowledge, the first AO-enhanced image of cones in infants.