Myceliafrom Pleurotus sp. (oyster mushroom):a new wave of antimicrobials, anticancer and antioxidant bio-ingredients
2017
Background - There has been an upsurge of interest in mushrooms,
such as Pleurotus species, as an
important source of bioactive compounds. Mycelia-submerged culture represents a
promising approach to search new safe and healthy myco-products with
standardized quality in addition to mushroom fruiting bodies.
Methods - The study examined the in vitro antimicrobial, antitumor and antioxidant activities of a
hot-water extract from Pleurotus sp.
mycelium. The antimicrobial activity was screened through the activation of the
microbial autolytic system of four bacteria and four yeast strains. The
anti-proliferative effects on NB4 human leukemia cells were measured by
flow-cytometry analyses.
The antioxidant activity was investigated by the
scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals, the reducing power and
the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
Results and discussion - The extract activated the microbial autolytic
system of eight strains: seven autolyzing strains with intensity values (Is) ranging from 2.7% in Candida sp. to 36.1% in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thus, the
microbial autolytic system of the strains tested (including Gram-positive and
Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeasts) could be activated in vitro by mycelial extract. Pleurotus
extract reduced the viability of NB4 leukemia
cells, particularly at the concentration of 200 μg/mL to 82% compared to control cells, and induced
apoptosis demonstrated by an increase in annexin V-FITC+ cells (25% at 200 μg/mL). At 10 mg/mL, the
extract showed the most potent scavenging effects for DPPH and ABTS radicals
(96% and 55%, respectively) and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (52%). The
mushroom extract at 5 mg/mL manifested reducing power of 1.105. Although carbohydrates (76.8%,
w/w) appear to be the most important bioactive compounds, secondary metabolites,
like phenolics, would also contribute to the antioxidant, antimicrobial and
anti-proliferative activities.
Conclusions - The hot-water extract obtained from Pleurotus mycelium, in light of its in vitro antimicrobial, antitumor and
antioxidant effects could be considered as a good candidate for developing
nutraceuticals and for designing innovative myco-therapeutics and
phytocosmetics applications.
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