Liquid-phase microextraction in 96-well plates - calibration and accurate quantification of pharmaceuticals in human plasma samples

Abstract The use of miniaturized systems with the possibility for automation has become increasingly popular in the field of bioanalysis. As a new approach to liquid phase microextraction in the 96-well format, parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction (PALME) was introduced in 2013. In the present work, the reliability of the quantitative data obtained with PALME was thoroughly evaluated. Amitriptyline, nortriptyline, quetiapine, venlafaxine, o-desmethylvenlafaxine, and fluoxetine were selected as model analytes. The analytes were extracted under non-exhaustive conditions from human plasma samples and the extracts were analyzed directly by LC-MS/MS. Accuracy was within ±15 % and precision was