Microwave-Assisted Esterification: A Discovery-Based Microscale Laboratory Experiment

An undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory experiment has been developed that features a discovery-based microscale Fischer esterification utilizing a microwave reactor. Students individually synthesize a unique ester from known sets of alcohols and carboxylic acids. Each student identifies the best reaction conditions given their particular reagents (either excess alcohol or excess carboxylic acid) as well as the ideal workup procedure for their reaction. Products are analyzed using 1H NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and scent. This modern adaptation of the classic Fischer esterification provides the opportunity for discussion of important chemistry concepts, including acid catalysis, Le Châtelier’s principle, and green chemistry.