Thickened oil cracking and viscosity-reducing method based on nano-catalysis and microwave heating

The invention relates to a new method for efficient cracking and viscosity reduction of thickened oil. according to the method, a nano-catalyst, a hydrogen donor, thickened oil and a microwave heating system, etc. are mainly included, and problems of long time, high temperature, environmental pollution and the like in a conventional viscosity-reducing method can be solved. The method belongs to the field of oil recovery enhancement. The technical key point is as follows: a few nano-particles with high dielectric constant are added into the thickened oil; under the action of microwave, the nano-particles are a high-temperature carrier and a catalyst; and by breaking matrix branches such as C-S bond in thickened oil molecules, the efficient cracking and viscosity-reducing effect is achieved. It shows through researches that by the adoption of a carbon nano-catalyst (particle size being 21nm) in combination of microwave heating, viscosity of thickened oil can be greatly reduced (viscosity reduction rate being 96%), lightweight components are remarkably increased, heavyweight components are reduced, fluidity of crude oil after cracking is effectively maintained, and efficient cracking and viscosity reduction of thickened oil under conditions of low temperature and short time is finally realized. The method of the invention is economic and environmentally friendly, is simple to operate and has a considerable oilfield site application prospect.