Synthesis and Properties of X-Type Alkyl Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants Derived from Cyanuric Chloride

A series of X-type alkyl sulfonate Gemini surfactants (XCn, n = 6, 8, 10) was synthesized by a simple method. The chemical structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI–MS and Elementary analysis. The surface activity and thermodynamic properties of micellization of the X-type alkyl sulfonate Gemini surfactants were compared with sodium dodecylsulfate by means of surface tension. The properties of XCn are superior to those of SDS such as the γCMC and CMC of XC10 are 26.3 mN/m and 0.2 mmol/L respectively. The adsorption isotherms for XCn were established by fitting the pre-CMC surface tension data with a quadratic function. The thermodynamic parameters of micellization (\( \Updelta G_{m}^{ \circ } \), \( \Updelta H_{m}^{ \circ } \), \( \Updelta S_{m}^{ \circ } \)) derived from electrical conductivity indicate that the micellization of XCn is entropy-driven.