Expenditure and financial burden for common cancers in China: a hospital-based multicentre cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Comprehensive health economic evaluation, a key component of the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC), was expected to support government policy-making on screening initiatives for common cancers (lung, breast, colorectal, oesophageal, liver, and stomach cancer) in urban China. Estimation of expenditure for cancer diagnosis and treatment from a societal perspective was an essential component. The aim of this study was to estimate direct medical and non-medical expenditure and to discern the resultant financial burden. Methods A multicentre cross-sectional survey of patients with target cancers or precancerous lesions was conducted in 37 tertiary hospitals in 13 provinces across China, from 2012 to 2014. Each patient was interviewed with a structured questionnaire for sociodemographic, clinical, and expenditure information. Expenditure data was converted to 2014 values and presented as US$. Expenditure and financial burden were quantified as a whole and by subgroups. Findings Of the included 14 594 patients with cancer (mean age 56·7 years, 58% male), annual household income was $8607. Mean expenditure per patient was $9739 (95% CI 9612–9866), and non-medical expenditure accounted for 9·3%. Expenditure per patient with colorectal, oesophageal, lung, stomach, liver or breast cancer was $10 978 (10 636–11 321), $10 506 (10 199–10 813), $9970 (9664–10 276), $9891 (9606–10 176), $8668 (8358–8977) and $8532 (8234–8831), respectively. Expenditure increased from stage I to stage IV for colorectal, stomach, and breast cancer (p 2 =130·4, 495·1, 1112·2, 1009·4, and 1848·2, respectively; all p Interpretation Expenditure for diagnosis and treatment seemed catastrophic for patients with cancer in China, and non-medical expenditure was substantial. Expenditure and financial burden varied within subgroups, especially between patients with different degrees of lesions, suggesting that cancer screening might be cost-effective in China. Funding National Health and Family Plan Committee of China.