Mitochondrial DNA copy number variation - A Potential Biomarker for Early Onset Preeclampsia

Abstract Objectives Oxidative stress has been hypothesized as a central component of both placental and endothelial dysfunction, leading to PE. This oxidative stress leading to mitochondrial dysfunction may be due to variations in mtDNA copy numbers as an adaptive response. In the present study we aimed to analyse mtDNA copy numbers in the placenta obtained after delivery from the women with PE as compared to the controls. Study design It was a prospective case control study. A total of 32 placental samples were analyzed (Cases: 17; Controls: 15). Samples were collected ex vivo, after childbirth. MtDNA content was determined useing real-time quantitative PCR qRT-PCR) using TaqMan probes designed for two genes: MT-ND1 and a mitochondrial gene encoding for the NADH dehydrogenase 1 protein. Results We found that the median (IQR) mtDNA copy number was higher in PE cases 24.32 (9.260 to 33.51) as compared with controls 20.32 (13.33 to 26.22). On subgroup analysis, the median (IQR) mtDNA copy number was higher in early onset PE 28.06 (20.80 to 36.87) as compared to late onset PE 9.215 (4.150 to 56.45) as well as the controls 20.32 (13.33 to 26.22). Conclusion Our findings support a higher mtDNA copy number in early onset PE as compared to late onset PE and control population. Although, mtDNA may only be increased in very severe cases of early onset preeclampsia.Future research may be directed to ascertain if mtDNA copy numbers can be a novel biomarker to predict or prognosticate early onset preeclampsia.