Annual Distribution Feature of Water Resource and Modern Water-saving Oasis Agriculture in the Arid Area of Northwest China and Central Asia

By comparing of the multi-year mean monthly rainfall in the study area, the results showed that water resources of oasis in the arid area of Northwest China and Central Asia varied a lot. In Central Asia the annual average rainfall of the oasis was 313.2 mm and 24.3 mm showed up during June to September. The average precipitation coefficient value was 8.07%. And water and heat were intensively not in the same period but winter and spring was contrary to summer. In the west of River Corridor and so on the average annual rainfall was 110.6 mm,the average value from June to September was 79.8 mm and the average precipitation coefficient was 72.14%, where water and heat were intensively in the same period. However, the situation in winter and spring was totally different to summer. Xinjiang located between Central Asia and the west of River Corridor so did the rainfall and precipitation coefficient the same. The precipitation of the subsystems of the mountain-desert-oasis system in the study area was quite different from each other. But the precipitation coefficients of each subsystem in the same season were very similar. These characteristics of water resource deeply influenced the decisions on water usage and agricultural production in different areas. As far as the Southern Xinjiang was concerned, more importance should be attached to modern science and technology, increase the investment in water conservancy project construction, combining with the water-saving agricultural technologies, to improve the efficiency of water usage from the connotation aspect. It would be also conducive to enlarge the irrigation area, increase the per cultivated area, promote agricultural development, alleviate poverty in a wider range and benefit the social stability.