[Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in seven children].

Objective To study the clinical and laboratory features and diagnosis of the patient with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)encephalitis in children. Method The data of clinical feature, laboratory findings, and radiological manifestation were reviewed and analyzed. Result Of the 7 patients, 4 were female and 3 were male.The age of onset was from 6.6 to 15.5 years (average 9.5 years). The onset of 4 cases started with convulsion. Six cases had seizures which was difficult to control by antiepileptic drugs. All patients had psychiatric symptoms and speech disorder. Six cases had different levels of decreased consciousness and dyskinesias. 6 cases had autonomic nerve instability, and 7 cases developed sleep disorders. The results of MRI examination were normal in all patients. The EEG of most patients showed focal or diffuse slow waves. Six cases had oligoclonal bands. All cases were confirmed to have the disease by detection of anti-NMDA receptor antibodies. No tumor was detected in any of the patients.All patients received immunotherapy. Conclusion Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is a severe but treatable disorder that frequently affects children and adolescents. Pediatric patients had clinical manifestations similar to those of adult patients. But children have a lower incidence of tumors and hypoventilation also occurs less frequently in children. Most of children had a good prognosis. Key words: Receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate; Limbic encephalitis; Child