Purification and characterization of a sperm antigen recognized by HSA-5 monoclonal antibody.

Among the monoclonal antibodies generated against acrosome-reacted human sperm, HSA-5 was shown to react with a sperm antigen localized predominantly to the equatorial region of the acrosome of human sperm and to the head and tail of mouse sperm. This antibody reacted with the methanol-fixed sperm, but not with fresh live sperm. When purified by immunoaffinity column, a major protein band with a molecular mass of approximately 100 kDa on SDS gel was isolated from fresh human sperm extract. The immunospecificity of isolated human sperm protein to this monoclonal antibody was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis. This antigen, designated as HSA-5, was susceptible to proteolytic degradation and revealed multiple immunoreactive bands in Western blot analyses of some preparations. Mouse sperm homogenates showed a similar polymorphic pattern to that of human samples. The tissue specificity of this antigen was examined immunohistochemically using various mouse and human tissues. HSA-5 did not cross-react with any other tissues except for sperm in adult testes and epididymis. This antibody also showed no binding activity to testicular tissue sections from mice of 13 and 21 days of age. The results of our study suggest that the sperm antigen recognized by HSA-5 monoclonal antibody is a differentiation antigen, which is expressed postmeiotically in testicular sperm but not in any somatic tissues.