Role of leptin and nuclear receptor PPARγ in PCOS pathogenesis

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of female endocrine infertility. Insulin resistanсе is supposed to be one of the essential factors of this disease pathways. At the same time, the mechanisms of PCOS development in insulin-resistant patients have not been completely established. Leptin and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ(PPARγ) are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and reproduction function regulation. It indicates that leptin and PPARγ possibly play a role in the pathways of PCOS. This article is a review of publications on this issue. The purpose of this review was to systematize the available information on the molecular mechanisms that determine the role of leptin and PPARγ in the development of PCOS. The literature search was carried out from 04/05/2020 to 05/17/2020 using the scientific literature databases: NCBI PubMed (foreign sources) and Cyberleninka (domestic sources). We analyzed publications for the period 1990-2020. The review presents the current understanding of the possible role of leptin and PPARγ in the regulation of endocrine, immune systems, and reproductive function, as well as in the development of PCOS. Currently, no studies cover the mechanisms of interaction between leptin and PPARγ in the pathways of this syndrome. The available studies indicating the individual contribution and association of leptin and PPARγ with PCOS are conflicting and have many limitations. Therefore, more studies of direct and indirect interaction of leptin and PPARγ, as well as their role in PCOS pathways, are needed.