Correlation between Serum Antichlamydial Antibodies and Tubal Factor as a Cause of Infertility

Although salpingitis frequently produces tubal damage and infertility, many women with tubal factor as a cause of their infertility do not have a clinical history of salpingitis. In order to investigate whether or not some such cases might be due to subclinical chlamydial infections, we measured antichlamydial antibodies in the serum of 172 women consecutively undergoing evaluation for infertility. Only 16 (9.3%) had a prior history of salpingitis. Sixty-one (35%) had antichlamydial antibodies (S+), and of these 75% had tubal factor as a sole or contributing cause of their infertility, versus 28% of the seronegative (S–) women (x 2 = 34, P Subclinical infections with Chlamydia trachomatis may be a major cause of tubal infertility in the United States, and chlamydial serologic studies may be useful in identifying that subset of infertile women likely to have tubal factor.