Ohar bat bi patologikotasun-iturri dituzten hizkuntzei buruz

EnglishWe will consider languages that contain two different sources of semantic pathologies: sentences that do not express a proposition and sentences that, even though they do express a proposition, are neither true nor false. When those languages are given a three-valued semantics, all pathological sentences are lumped together and assigned the third truth value. In this paper we will first present the case of languages with definite descriptions, where a distinction between these two forms of pathological sentences can be drawn. Then we will explore a four-valued semantics which can distinguish between the two kinds of pathological sentences. EuskaraPatologia semantikoen bi iturri desberdin dituzten hizkuntzetan jarriko dugu arreta: proposizio bat adierazten ez duten perpausetan eta, proposizio bat adierazten duten arren, ez egiazko eta ez faltsu diren perpausetan. Hizkuntza horiei hiru baliodun semantika bat ematen zaienean, perpaus patologiko guztiak bildu egiten dira eta hirugarren egibalioa esleitzen zaie. Lan honetan, hasteko, deskripzio definitudun hizkuntzen kasua aurkeztuko dugu; horietan, marraz daiteke bi perpaus patologiko mota horien arteko bereizketa. Gero, lau baliodun semantika bat arakatuko dugu, perpaus patologikoen bi motak bereiz ditzakeena.