Phytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activities of Chloroform Extract of Senna crotalarioides Kunth
2021
Senna crotalarioides is used
in traditional medicine to treat inflammation. The aim of this work was to investigate
the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities and the possible mechanism of
action of the chloroform extract washed with hexane of S. crotalarioides (CESC). The
anti-inflammatory effect was tested on
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema in mice.
The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were determined in
macrophages J774A.1 stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The cytotoxic
activity was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl
tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against six human cancer cell lines: HeLa
(cervical cancer), SKLU-1 and A549 (lung cancer), LNCaP (prostate cancer),
SW620 (colon cancer) and MCF7 (breast cancer). The composition of the CESC was
determined by GC-MS analysis, and standardized by HPLC-ELSD with ursolic acid
as the phytochemical marker. CESC inhibited ear edema 61.45%. In chronic ear
edema, CESC diminished the inflammation by 53.77%. CESC decreased TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations, and increased the concentration of
IL-10. The extract showed IC50 values on HeLa, SKLU-1, A549, LNCaP,
SW620 and MCF7 by 48, 21, 8.16, 6.82, 1.81, 4.06 and 12.5 μg/mL, respectively.
The main components were ursolic acid, 1-octacosanol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, 1-triacontanol, (Z, Z)
hexadec-9-enoic acid octadec-9-enyl ester. CESC might be useful for developing
a phytomedicine with anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities.
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