Nanostructured Coating of Non-Crystalline Tantalum Pentoxide on Polyetheretherketone Enhances RBMS Cells/HGE Cells Adhesion

Purpose As a dental material, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is bioinert that does not induce cellular response and bone/gingival tissues regeneration. This study was to develop bioactive coating on PEEK and investigate the effects of coating on cellular response. Materials and methods Tantalum pentoxide (TP) coating was fabricated on PEEK surface by vacuum evaporation and responses of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem (RBMS) cells/human gingival epithelial (HGE) were studied. Results A dense coating (around 400 nm in thickness) of TP was closely combined with PEEK (PKTP). Moreover, the coating was non-crystalline TP, which contained many small humps (around 10 nm in size), exhibiting a nanostructured surface. In addition, the roughness, hydrophilicity, surface energy, and protein adsorption of PKTP were remarkably higher than that of PEEK. Furthermore, the responses (adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic gene expression) of RBMS cells, and responses (adhesion and proliferation) of HGE cells to PKTP were remarkably improved in comparison with PEEK. It could be suggested that the nanostructured coating of TP on PEEK played crucial roles in inducing the responses of RBMS/HGE cells. Conclusion PKTP with elevated surface performances and outstanding cytocompatibility might have enormous potential for dental implant application.