Passivation effect of silicon nitride against copper diffusion

The use of Cu in ultralarge scale integrated (ULSI) conductors has resulted in the need to prevent Cu diffusion. We evaluated the passivation effect of plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposited silicon nitride (PECVD-SiN) using secondary ion mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. From these measurements, it was found that a large amount of Cu diffused through PECVD-SiN films during the heat treatments of the metallization process, probably due to the rapid diffusion paths along the microdefects of PECVD-SiN films. However, Cu contamination was barely detected in the current–voltage measurements and bias-temperature stressing tests of Cu/PECVD-SiN/SiO2/Si capacitors because the leakage current through SiN films slightly increased as a result of Cu diffusion. This result is attributed to the electric-field relaxation caused by a large number of electrons trapped in the PECVD-SiN films, of which the negative charge compensates the positive charge of Cu ions. Although the degradation of electric...