Restriction of Measles Virus RNA Synthesis by a Mouse Host Cell Line: trans-Complementation by Polymerase Components or a Human Cellular Factor(s)

The mouse epithelial MODE-K cell line expressing human CD46 or CD150 cellular receptors was found to be nonpermissive for measles virus (MV) replication. The virus binding and membrane fusion steps were unimpaired, but only very limited amounts of virus protein and RNA synthesized were detected after the infection. In a minigenome chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay, MODE-K cells were as able as the permissive HeLa cells in supporting MV polymerase activity. The restriction phenotype of MODE-K cells could be alleviated by providing, in trans, either N-P-L or N-P functional protein complexes but not by P-L complexes or individual N, P, and L proteins. Several human × mouse (HeLa × MODE-K) somatic hybrid clones expressing human CD46 were isolated and found to be either nonpermissive or permissive according to their human chromosomal contents. The MV-restricted phenotype exhibited by the MODE-K cell line suggests that a cellular factor(s) can control MV transcription, possibly by stabilizing the incoming virus polymerase templates.