Effects of antibody induction on transplant outcomes in human leukocyte antigen zero-mismatch deceased donor kidney recipients.

Background. We aimed to investigate the impact of antibody induction on outcomes in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) 0-mismatched deceased donor kidney recipients. Methods. Using the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network/United Network of Organ Sharing database as of November 2009, we identified 44,008 adult deceased donor kidney recipients who received primary kidney transplants alone between 2003 and 2008 (HLA 0 mismatch, n=6274; ≥1 mismatch, n=37,734; median follow-up: 834 days). The impact of induction (thymoglobulin, interleukin-2 receptor antagonists [IL-2RA], or alemtuzumab; vs. no induction) on rejection (initial hospitalization, 6 months, first year), death-censored graft failure, and mortality were analyzed using multivariate logistic and Cox regression in the two groups. The impact of individual agents on outcomes was further analyzed in 0-mismatch recipients. Results. There was a decreased risk of rejection over the first 6 months for HLA 0-mismatch recipients of antibody induction (adjusted odds ratio=0.71, P=0.003), but this effect was not observed at 1 year; in comparison, induction was associated with a reduced risk of rejection over the first year for HLA-mismatched recipients (0.87, P Conclusion. In HLA 0-mismatch deceased donor recipients, antibody induction was associated with a decreased risk of rejection at 6 months posttransplant. Its use did not improve graft and patient survival over the follow-up period.