Estudio de la inestabilidad cromosómica y de la actividad transcripcional (18s y 28s) en pacientes con cáncer cervicouterino
2000
El cancer cervicouterino (CaCU) en nuestro pais es la enfermedad neoplasica mas frecuente y responsable aproximadamente del 36% de todos los canceres que se presentan en el sexo femenino. De acuerdo a las entidades federativas el primer lugar lo ocupa el Distrito Federal con 3,711 casos anuales seguido por el estado de Nuevo Leon con 1,093 casos. Estudios citogeneticos sugieren que la inestabilidad cromosomica y la actividad transcripcional, debido a su estrecha relacion con eventos mutagenicos y actividad proliferativa, pudieran estar relacionados con el riesgo de desarrollar cancer, y con la progresion del tumor. El presente trabajo evaluo la inestabilidad cromosomica, y la actividad transcripcional 18S y 28S en mujeres con distintos grados de avance de lesion neoplasica cervicouterina. Se obtuvieron muestras de frotis de epitelio cervical, y de sangre periferica de 45 mujeres canalizadas a la consulta de Ginecologia Oncologica del Hospital Regional de Especialidades No. 23 del IMSS (Monterrey, N.L.). La inestabilidad cromosomica fue evaluada mediante las pruebas de Intercambio de Cromatides Hermanas (ICH), y Micronucleos (MN), y la actividad transcripcional 18S y 28S mediante la prueba de Regiones Organizadoras del Nucleolo (NOR's). Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un incremento significativo (ANOVA p<0.05) de ICH, MN, y NORs en mujeres con carcinoma invasor, respecto al control. Ademas, se observo un incremento significativo, y una correlacion positiva de MN y NORs "atipicos" en epitelio cervical de acuerdo al desarrollo neoplasico. Estos resultados demuestran una inestabilidad cromosomica y un aumento de la actividad transcripcional 18S y 28S en pacientes con lesiones neoplasicas cervicouterinas, y sugieren la utilidad de estas metodologias como complemento de las pruebas citologicas convencionales para la deteccion oportuna del cancer cervicouterino y seguimiento de la evolucion de esta enfermedad. Abstract The cancer cervicouterino (CaCU) in our country it is approximately the neoplastic illness more frequent and more responsible of 36% of all the cancers that are presented in the feminine sex. According to the federative entities the first place occupies it the Federal District with 3,711 annual cases continued by the state of New Leon with 1,093 cases. Cytogenetic studies suggests that the chromosomic inestability and the transcription activity, due to its narrow relationship with mutagenic events and activity, they could be related with the risk of developing cancer, and with the progression of the tumor. The present work evaluated the choromosomic inestability, and the transcription activity 18S and 28S in women with different degrees of advance of lesion neoplastic cervix uteri. Samples of smear of cervical epithelium were obtained, and of 45 women's outlying blood Not channeled to the consultation of Ginecology Oncolgy of the Regional Hospital of Specialties. 23 of the IMSS (Monterrey, N.L.). The chromosomic inestability was evaluated by means of the tests of sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and Micronuclei (MN), and the transcription activity 18S and 28S by means of the test of Organizing Regions of the Nuclei (NOR's). The obtained results revealed a significant increment (ANOVA p <0.05) of SCE, MN, and NORs in women with carcinoma invader, regarding the control. Also, it was observed a significant increment, and a positive correlation of MN and atypical NORs in cervical epithelium according to the neoplastic development. These results demonstrate an chromosomic inestability and an increase of the transcription activity 18S and 28S in patient with neoplastic cervix uteri lesions, and they suggest the utility of these methodologies like complement of the citology conventional tests for the opportune detection of the cancer of cervix uteri and pursuit of the evolution of this illness. Palabras clave: cancer, cervicouterino, inestabilidad, cromosomica, actividad, transcripcional, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, cancer, cervix uteri, inestability, chromosomic, activity, transcription,
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