Effect of strength training on physical and mental health and quality of life of people with spinal cord injury: a literature review

espanolLa esperanza de vida de las personas con lesion de la medula espinal (LME) ha aumentado con los anos; aunque no es proporcional o igual al de la poblacion general, existe una ligera aproximacion en la esperanza de vida entre los grupos. Sin embargo, la tasa de mortalidad en individuos con LME sigue siendo alta. ML es una condicion medica grave que causa trastornos funcionales, psicologicos y socioeconomicos. Por lo tanto, las personas con LME experimentan discapacidades significativas en varios aspectos de sus vidas. El entrenamiento de fuerza se ha utilizado como un instrumento para mejorar los parametros funcionales, cardiorrespiratorios, psicologicos y de calidad de vida (CV). El objetivo de este estudio es revisar la literatura sobre los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la salud fisica y mental y la CV de las personas con LME. Se realizo una investigacion bibliografica con temas relacionados con ML, entrenamiento de fuerza, funcionalidad, salud y estado mental y CV. La LME es una discapacidad compleja que causa muchos cambios, que pueden ser fisicos, psicologicos y sociales. Se acompana de comorbilidades, que afectan directamente el estado de salud y, en consecuencia, la CV del individuo afectado. En general, el ejercicio se ha postulado como una alternativa para la promocion de la salud y la CV en personas con LME. En particular, el entrenamiento de fuerza se utiliza para promover la salud fisica y mental y la calidad de vida, ya que produce resultados positivos para diferentes aspectos de la salud y la CV, especialmente la fuerza muscular y la capacidad funcional, reduciendo los sintomas de ansiedad y depresion y aumentando los indicadores. de CV en personas con LME. EnglishLife expectancy of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) has increased over the years; although not proportional or equal to that of the general population, there is a slight approximation in life expectancy between the groups. However, the mortality rate in individuals with SCI remains high. SCI is a serious medical condition that causes functional, psychological and socioeconomic disorders. Therefore, people with SCI experience significant disabilities in various aspects of their lives. Strength training has been used as an instrument to improve functional, cardiorespiratory, psychological and quality of life (QoL) parameters. However, studies that discuss the effect of strength training on health-related aspects of people with SCI are still rare. The aim of this study is to review the literature on the effects of strength training on physical and mental health and QOL of people with SCI. A bibliographic research was conducted with subjects related to the SCI, strength training, functionality, health and mental state and QOL. SCI is a complex disability that causes many changes, which can be physical, psychological and social. It is accompanied by comorbidities, which directly affect the health status and, consequently, the QOL of the affected individual. In general, exercise has been postulated as an alternative for health promotion and QOL in people with SCI. In particular, strength training is used to promote physical and mental health and QOL as it produces positive results for different aspects of health and QOL, especially muscle strength and functional capacity, reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression and increasing indicators. of QOL in people with SCI.