Hypovitaminosis D according to psychiatric diagnosis groups: A study with control group

SUMMARY Objective: One of the risk factor for different psychiatric disorders has been indicated as hypovitaminosis D . The present study aimed to compare 25 (OH) D level between 4 different types of psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and anxiety disorder) and healthy controls, and to assess the risk factors of hypovitaminosis D in psychiatric inpatients. Method: This retrospective study included 974 individuals [depression (n=553), bipolar disorder (n=135), schizophrenia (n=186) and anxiety disorder (n=100)]  who received inpatient treatment in psychiatry clinic between 2012 and 2014 ,  and 574 individuals in control group who were not diagnosed with a psychiatric condition. A 25 (OH) D level less than 21 ng/mL was considered to indicate hypovitaminosis D. Results : 25 (OH) D level average of the control group was found to be significantly higher than that of the four psychiatric diagnosis groups (p 0.05). Logistic regression analysis of the study parameters suggested that the female gender (odds ratio: 3.46; 95% confidence interval: 0.99-1.01), winter and spring seasons (odds ratio: 2.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.69-3.86 and odds ratio: 2.03; 95% confidence interval: 1.33-3.11, respectively) were significant predictors in level of vitamin D in psychiatric inpatients. Conclusions : Hypovitaminosis D is a condition that frequently exists in inpatients in psychiatry clinic suffering from schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder and depression. Being a female, winter and spring are the most remarkable risk factors in these patients. Keywords: Hypovitaminosis D, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety OZET Amac: Vitamin D eksikliginin cesitli psikiyatrik bozukluklar icin risk faktoru olabilecegi ifade edilmektedir. Bu calismada dort farkli psikiyatrik bozukluk (sizofreni, bipolar bozukluk, depresyon, anksiyete bozuklugu) ve saglikli kontroller arasinda 25(OH)D duzeyini karsilastirmak ve yatarak tedavi goren psikiyatri hastalarda vitamin D eksiklik nedenleri arastirmak amaclanmistir. Yontem: Bu retrospektif calismaya bir psikiyatri kliniginde 2012-2014 yillari arasinda yatarak tedavi olan 974 birey [depresyon (n=553), bipolar bozukluk (n=135), sizofreni (n=186) ve anksiyete bozuklugu (n=100)] ve kontrol grubuna psikiyatrik tanisi olmayan 574 birey dahil edildi. 25(OH)D duzeyinin 21 ng/mL dusuk olmasi vitamin D eksikligi olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular : Kontrol grubu 25(OH)D duzey ortalamasi diger  dort psikiyatrik tani gruplarinin 25(OH)D duzey ortalamasina gore anlamli olarak yuksek bulundu (p 0.05). Her bir calisma grubunda yas gruplari arasinda 25(OH)D duzeyleri karsilastirildiginda 35-54 yas arasi sizofreni hastalarinin vitamin D duzeyleri 18-34 yasrasi sizofreni hastalarina gore anlamli dusuk bulundu (p 0.05). Lojistik regresyon analizi ile kadin cinsiyet (odds orani: 3.46; %95 guven araligi: 0.99-1.01), kis ve ilkbahar mevsimleri (sirasiyla, odds orani: 2.56; %95 guven araligi: 1.69-3.86 and odds orani: 2.03; %95 guven araligi: 1.33-3.11) yatan hastalarda vitamin D duzeyini etkileyebilecek parametreler olarak saptandi. Sonuc:  Psikiyatri kliniginde yatarak tedavi goren sizofreni, bipolar bozukluk, anksiyete ve depresyon hastalarinda vitamin D eksikligi siklikla gorulen bir durumdur. Bu hastalarda kadin olma ve kis-ilkbahar mevsimleri vitamin D eksikligi icin en onemli risk faktorleri olarak belirlenmistir. Anahtar sozcukler: Vitamin D eksikligi, sizofreni, bipolar bozukluk, depresyon, anksiyete