A Survey on Internet of Underwater Things: Perspective on Protocol Design for Routing

The recent class of internet of things (IoT) is the internet of underwater things and is consider as networks of smart interconnected underwater objects. IoUT is anticipated to facilitate various practical applications, such as underwater exploration, environmental monitoring, disaster prevention, military and others. With these areas of applications IoUT consider as prospective technologies towards developing smart cites globally and connecting not only cities but also connect oceans, stream and lake. To support the concept of IoUT, UWSn have become apparent or prominent network system. Majority of the researcher have deployed hierarchical and topological structure of terrestrial network to underwater sensor network. Underwater sensor network faces unique challenges like narrow bandwidth, propagation delay, difficulty to charge and low reliability and due to these challenges a separate hierarchical or topological mechanism is required. In order to be effective a designing of routing protocol is essential. The main aspect of this article is to analyze routing protocols in term of strength and weakness of routing operation and highlight issues of routing protocol.