Allelic loss of Hox11L1 gene locus predicts outcome of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in tumors has been described to have prognostic impact. HoxllLl gene, located on chromosome 2, has a role in proliferation of neuronal myenteric Cajal cells being the progenitor cells of GISTs. The aim was to examine the frequency and prognostic value of allelic loss of Hoxl 1L1 gene locus in GISTs. Tumor and control DNA of 72 GIST patients was extracted after microdissection from tissue sections. Patients underwent surgery between 1992 and 2003 and were histopathologically reclassified. Microsatellite marker D2S286 on chromosomes 2 near Hoxl 1L1 gene locus was used for detection of LOH by PCR and capillary electrophoresis. Survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier plots. LOH was found in 7 (10%) of 72 GISTs. Fifty-four (75%) cases did not show LOH. Eleven (15%) were homozygous and consequently non-informative. Survival analysis (n=59) revealed a significantly worse tumor-specific and relapse-free survival for GIST patients with LOH in the tumor by univariate analysis (p<0.05 by log-rank test; median follow-up time 37 months). LOH of HoxllLl gene locus is a useful parameter for prognosis of GIST. The data propose that Hoxl 1L1 has a role in tumorigenesis in GISTs.