An integrative review of Cisplatin: the first metal Anti-Tumor drug.

Cisplatin and other platinum derivatives like carboplatin and oxaliplatin are widely used chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of solid tumors including head and neck, ovarian and testicular germ cell tumors. Cisplatin is also used successfully in the treatment of paediatric malignancies, such as medulloblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma. In most recent treatment schedules, the drug is used in combination with other cytotoxic agents such as otoposide, doxorubicine, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, vinblastine, bleomycin and others. It is one of on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in health system. This comprehensive review highlights the physicochemical properties of cisplatin and related platinum based drugs, uses of platinum, either alone or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of various human cancers and also discuss about various Potential protective strategies against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicities. A special attention is given to it’s molecular mechanisms of action, historical background, undesirable side effects & future prospective. Keywords: Cisplatin, cytotoxicity, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum.