Effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training and bladder training for women with urinary incontinence in primary care: a pragmatic controlled trial

Abstract Background Although the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and bladder training are well established, there is a paucity of patient centered models using these interventions to treat women with UI at primary level of health assistance in Brazil. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of a physical therapy intervention to treat women with UI in primary health centers. Methods Pragmatic non-randomized controlled trial in which women with UI from the community participated in a supervised physical therapy program consisting of bladder training plus 12 weeks of PFMT, performed either at home or in the health center. Outcome measures were amount and frequency of urine loss measured by the 24-h pad-test and the 24-h voiding diary; secondary outcome was the impact of UI on quality of life measured by the ICIQ-SF. Outcomes were measured at baseline, at the 6th and 12th weeks of the intervention and 1 month after discharge. Results Interventions reduced the amount (pad-test, p  = 0.004; d  = 0.13, 95% CI = −0.23 to 0.49) and frequency of urine loss (voiding diary, p  = 0.003; d  = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.14 to 0.87), and the impact of UI on quality of life (ICIQ-SF, p d  = 1.26, 95%CI = 0.87 to 1.66) over time, with positive effects from the 6th week up to 1 month for both intervention setting (home and health center), and no differences between them. Conclusion Interventions were effective, can be implemented in primary health centers favoring the treatment of a greater number of women who do not have access to specialized physical therapy. Trial registration: RBR-8tww4y.